N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)

CAS No.: 68-12-2
Synonyms / IUPAC Name: N,N-Dimethylformamide; DMF
Molecular Formula: C₃H₇NO
Molecular Weight: 73.09 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless to faintly yellow liquid
Odor: Slightly amine-like; traces of fishy odor when impure

Physicochemical Properties (Typical)

• Melting Point: approx. −61 °C
• Boiling Point: approx. 153 °C
• Density (20 °C): ~0.95 g/cm³
• Solubility: Miscible with water and most organic solvents
• Vapor Pressure (20 °C): ~2.7 mmHg
• Flash Point: ~58 °C (closed cup)
• Other Properties: Polar aprotic solvent with high dielectric constant

Purity & Quality Standards

• Purity: Typically ≥ 99.0% for high-grade solvent applications
• Appearance: Clear, free from visible particles or discoloration
• Analytical Methods: Gas chromatography for purity; moisture content by Karl-Fischer or equivalent; stability under specified storage & container conditions
• Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions when protected from moisture and strong acids or bases
• Documentation: Certificate of Analysis (COA) and Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided per batch

Applications / Uses

• Polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis, polymer processing, coatings and adhesives
• Used in manufacture of acrylic fibers, polyurethane coatings, and specialty polymers
• Solvent for vinyl resins, acetylene compounds, and specialty chemical processes
• Laboratory/research solvent for high-polarity reaction media

Safety & Handling

• Health Hazards:
  • Causes serious eye irritation
  • May cause respiratory irritation, drowsiness, or dizziness
  • May damage fertility or the unborn child
• Flammability: Flammable liquid and vapor
• Precautions:
  • Use in well-ventilated areas or with local exhaust ventilation
  • Wear protective gloves, safety glasses/face protection, and flame-resistant garments
  • Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces; ground and bond containers during transfer
• Reactivity / Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, and acids; product may react or degrade with moisture or catalysts
• First Aid:
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical advice if symptoms persist
  • Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash thoroughly with soap and water
  • Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present; seek medical attention if irritation continues
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention

Packaging & Storage

• Packaging: Sealed, solvent-compatible containers designed for flammable liquids
• Storage Conditions: Cool (<30 °C), dry, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources, strong oxidisers, acids, and bases
• Container Closure: Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture ingress and vapor loss
• Shelf Life: Typically 12–24 months under recommended conditions; slight degradation may occur if exposed to moisture or contaminants